“The person involved [participant in the experiment] should… be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, overreaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion.”

The Nuremberg Code (1947) Article 1

“Everyone, as a member of society… is entitled to realization… in accordance with… cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.”

UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Article 22

“Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.”

UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Article 26 (3)

“Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community.”

UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Article 27 (1)

“Ethical issues raised by the rapid advances in science and their technological applications should be examined with due respect to the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Preamble

“On the freedom of science and research, scientific and technological developments… such developments should always seek to promote the welfare of individuals, families… in the recognition of the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Preamble

“Health does not depend solely on scientific and technological research developments but also on psychosocial and cultural factors.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Preamble

“Decisions regarding ethical issues in medicine, life sciences and associated technologies may have an impact on individuals, families, groups or communities and humankind as a whole.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Preamble

“Innovation and creativity, is necessary to humankind… but… it may not be invoked at the expense of human rights and fundamental freedoms.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Preamble

“A person’s identity includes biological, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual dimensions.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Preamble

“Unethical scientific and technological conduct has had a particular impact on indigenous and local communities.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Preamble

“All human beings, without distinction, should benefit from the same high ethical standards in medicine and life science research.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Preamble

“No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Article 11

“The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Article 12

“States, public and private institutions… should endeavour to ensure that any activity within the scope of this Declaration… is consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Article 21 (1)

“States should respect and promote solidarity between and among… individuals, families, groups and communities.”

UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005) Article 24 (3)